The effect of intrauterine device application on post-menopausal reproductive health

Abstract

To explore the potential effects of intrauterine device (IUD) usage in reproductive ages on women's postmenopausal reproductive health. Women in Shanghai Minhang district were enrolled and categorized into group Ⅰ (IUD), group Ⅱ (tubal ligation) and control group (external ejaculation). Their data were collected and analyzed retrospectively. A total of 2 744 women during postmenopausal period were enrolled (group Ⅰ=2 253, group Ⅱ=202, control=289). Pearl index of each group was 1.08 (group Ⅰ), 0.00 (group Ⅱ) and 15.22 (control), respectively. Women with IUD usage in reproductive ages were less likely to develop reproductive benign diseases after menopause (χ2=67.51, P=0.00, OR=0.44, 95%CI: 0.32-0.59). Logistic regression indicated pregnancy history (OR=3.85), child-bearing history (OR=0.52), IUD usage (OR=0.48), tubal ligation (OR=1.74), longer duration using contraceptive methods(OR=0.99), contraception failure(OR=1.74)and family planning surgical procedures(OR=1.73)were risk factors for reproductive benign diseases after menopause. IUD utility in reproductive ages may reduce the risks of benign diseases in reproductive system for postmenopausal women. Key words: Intrauterine device; Postmenopausal period