The Effect of Induced Diabetes Mellitus on the Cerebellar Cortex of Adult Male Rat and the Possible Protective Role of Oxymatrine: A Histological, Immunohistochemical and Biochemical Study

Adel Mohamed Aboregela,Amany Mohamed Shalaby,Mona Tayssir Sadek,Mohamed Ali Alabiad

doi:10.1080/01913123.2021.1926610

Adel Mohamed Aboregela, Amany Mohamed Shalaby + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.1080/01913123.2021.1926610

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Abstract

ABSTRACT Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents a widespread metabolic disease with a well-known neurotoxicity in both central and peripheral nervous systems. Oxymatrine is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that has various pharmacological activities including: anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory potentials. The present work aimed to study the impact of diabetes mellitus on the cerebellar cortex of adult male albino rat and to evaluate the potential protective role of oxymatrine. Fifty-five adult male rats were randomly divided into three groups: group I served as control, group II was given oxymatrine (80 mg/kg/day) orally for 8 weeks and group III was given a single dose of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) intaperitoneally to induce diabetes. Then diabetic rats were subdivided into two subgroups: subgroup IIIa that received no additional treatment and subgroup IIIb that received oxymatrine similar to group II. The diabetic group revealed numerous changes in the Purkinje cell layer in the form of multilayer arrangement of Purkinje cells, shrunken cells with deeply stained nuclei as well as focal loss of the Purkinje cells. A significant increment in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and synaptophysin expression were reported in immunohistochemistry compared with the control group. Transmission electron microscopy showed irregularity and splitting of myelin sheaths in the molecular layer, dark shrunken Purkinje cells with ill-defined nuclei, dilated Golgi saccules and dense granule cells with irregular nuclear outlines in the granular layer. In contrast, these changes were less evident in diabetic rats that received oxymatrine. In conclusion, Oxymatrine could protect the cerebellar cortex against changes induced by DM.

Highlights

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disease caused by deficiency in insulin secretion and/or insulin resistance (Ozougwu et al, 2013)
The present work aimed to study the impact of diabetes mellitus on the cerebellar cortex of adult male albino rat and to evaluate the potential protective role of oxymatrine using different histological methods
Fifty-five adult male rats were randomly divided into three groups: group I served as control, group II was given oxymatrine (80 mg/kg/day) orally for 8 weeks and group III was given a single dose of streptozotocin (50mg/kg) intaperitoneally to induce diabetes

Summary

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disease caused by deficiency in insulin secretion and/or insulin resistance (Ozougwu et al, 2013). Neuropathies of autonomic and peripheral nervous systems are considered the most common complication of DM. Besides these neuropathies, diabetes is correlated with development of end-organ damage in the central nervous system (Brands et al, 2004). Diabetes is correlated with development of end-organ damage in the central nervous system (Brands et al, 2004) This condition is termed 'diabetic encephalopathy', which is accompanied by memory dysfunction and electrophysiological alterations (Allen et al, 2004). It was reported that insulin signaling in the brain controls food consumption and glucose homeostasis but is involved in both survival and maintenance of the cognitive activity of the general neural network, the changes in serum insulin levels secondary to diabetes mellitus can directly cause brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases (Duarte et al, 2012)

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