Abstract
Antimicrobial photothermal/photodynamic therapy (PTT/PDT) with indocyanine green (ICG) is an adjuvant therapeutic approach in the treatment of periodontitis. To explore whether PTT/PDT with ICG causes cell death by apoptosis in human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells, BAX and BCL-2 genes expression as key events for apoptosis were evaluated in this study. HGF cells were treated with: 1) different concentrations (500-2000 µg/mL) of ICG alone, 2) Diode laser irradiation alone with a fluency of 39.06 J/cm2; 3) PTT/PDT combined different concentrations (500-2000 µg/mL) of ICG with an 808 nm diode laser with a fluency of 39.06 J/cm2, and 4) controls (untreated cells). After that, BAX and BCL-2 messenger RNA levels were evaluated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR. PTT/PDT with 500 µg/mL of ICG caused significant increases in the expression of the BAX gene, with an 8.5-fold increase, which was approximately 7- and 8.5-fold higher than PTT/PDT with ICG for 1500 and 2000 µg/mL of ICG, respectively, indicating induction of apoptosis in HGF cells. ICG (in different test concentrations), diode laser, and PTT/PDT with ICG (1500 and 2000 µg/mL of ICG) treatment displayed insignificant increases in expression levels of BAX (all p>0.05). Our experiments showed an insignificant increase (1.1-1.6-fold) in the expression of BCL-2 after ICG, diode laser, and PTT/PDT with ICG treatment (all p>0.05). This study suggests that various concentration of ICG can be the diverse expression of BAX responses to PTT/PDT on HGF cells.
Highlights
Antimicrobial photothermal/photodynamic therapy (PTT/PDT) with indocyanine green (ICG) is an adjuvant therapeutic approach in the treatment of periodontitis
This study suggests that various concentration of ICG can be the diverse expression of BAX responses to PTT/PDT on human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells
To examine whether the expression of BAX and BCL-2 genes changed after diode laser (L+ P−), ICG (L− P+), or PTT/PDT with ICG (L+ P+) treatment, we compared the relative gene-specific messenger RNA quantities of HGF cells under-treated versus control
Summary
Antimicrobial photothermal/photodynamic therapy (PTT/PDT) with indocyanine green (ICG) is an adjuvant therapeutic approach in the treatment of periodontitis. To explore whether PTT/PDT with ICG causes cell death by apoptosis in human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells, BAX and BCL-2 genes expression as key events for apoptosis were evaluated in this study. PTT/PDT on the Expression of BCL-2 and BAX physiological process essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis in multicellular organisms that can be induced or inhibited by different stimuli.[2,3,4] It is clear that Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis as periopathogen bacteria can induce significant apoptosis in monocytes and primary human gingival epithelial cells, respectively.[5,6] Microbial by-products including hydrogen sulfide and proteases can induce apoptosis in gingival epithelial cells and human gingival fibroblasts in the oral cavity, which may cause periodontal diseases.[7,8]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
