Abstract
As global land surface temperature continues to rise and heatwave events increase in frequency, duration, and/or intensity, our key food and fuel cropping systems will likely face increased heat-related stress. A large volume of literature exists on exploring measured and modelled impacts of rising temperature on crop photosynthesis, from enzymatic responses within the leaf up to larger ecosystem-scale responses that reflect seasonal and interannual crop responses to heat. This review discusses (i) how crop photosynthesis changes with temperature at the enzymatic scale within the leaf; (ii) how stomata and plant transport systems are affected by temperature; (iii) what features make a plant susceptible or tolerant to elevated temperature and heat stress; and (iv) how these temperature and heat effects compound at the ecosystem scale to affect crop yields. Throughout the review, we identify current advancements and future research trajectories that are needed to make our cropping systems more resilient to rising temperature and heat stress, which are both projected to occur due to current global fossil fuel emissions.
Highlights
Global land surface temperatures are increasing due to rising atmospheric CO2 from anthropogenic emissions that are causing climate change, and with this comes the challenge of meeting food and fuel supply demands under more stressful crop growing conditions
This review discusses (i) how crop photosynthesis changes with temperature at the enzymatic scale within the leaf; (ii) how stomata and plant transport systems are affected by temperature; (iii) what features make a plant susceptible or tolerant to elevated temperature and heat stress; and (iv) how these temperature and heat effects compound at the ecosystem scale to affect crop yields
This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of current understanding on how crop photosynthesis responds to temperature from the enzyme to ecosystem scale.The key conclusions for each scale are summarized as follows
Summary
Global land surface temperatures are increasing due to rising atmospheric CO2 from anthropogenic emissions that are causing climate change, and with this comes the challenge of meeting food and fuel supply demands under more stressful crop growing conditions. Beginning at the enzyme scale, we discuss (i) within-leaf responses to temperature, followed by (ii) stomata and plant transport system responses to heat; (iii) temperature effects on whole plants and their development; and (iv) how each of these factors scales to the crop ecosystem to impact photosynthesis and annual yield (Fig. 1).
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