The effect of increasing doses of ingested glucose on insulin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) concentrations in man.

Abstract

Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) is insulinotropic in vivo and in vitro. It is released following glucose ingestion and is a leading candidate as a mediator of the enteroinsular axis. To investigate the GIP response to increasing amounts of oral glucose, and its relationship to glucose levels and insulin secretion, fourteen normal volunteers ingested 25, 50 and 75 g of glucose at random with 5-7 days between each test. Serum insulin, glucose and GIP concentrations were measured and total integrated incremental responses were determined. Peak mean responses to glucose, insulin and GIP occurred at 30 min following each glucose ingestion. There were no significant differences in glucose concentrations at any interval with the varying glucose doses. Mean peripheral insulin concentrations were significantly increased after 50 or 75 g of glucose as compared with the 25 g dose (P less than 0.02). Mean GIP concentrations were significantly greater (P less than 0.03) between 15 and 180 min with both the 50 and 75 g glucose stimulus. Total integrated areas under the response curves for glucose, insulin and GIP showed a graded increase in circulating insulin and GIP (P less than 0.01) as the amount of ingested glucose was increased from 25 to 75 g. These findings show that increasing doses of glucose stimulated greater levels of GIP and insulin and further support the insulinotropic properties of endogenous GIP in man.