The Effect of ILO Conventions on Labor Standards. The Structural Change

Abstract

How do labor standards develop in countries after international labor conventions are ratified? Previous studies suggest that despite high ratification rates, the protection of labor rights is not enhanced. Using panel data on both de jure and de facto labor conditions for 132 countries from 1981 to 2011 this question is addressed empirically. The International Labor Organization (ILO) underwent a major structural change in 1998 from a complex set of conventions to a more active promotion of core labor principles. This paper analyzes the effects of the new approach and explores country differences in more detail. I find that the organizational change has overall not improved labor standards, but that ILO conventions can have positive effects in transition countries. The limited and partially adverse impact of conventions on labor rights might question the future role of the ILO, but also points to a general weakness of international human rights treaties.