Abstract
One of the simplest forms of biological treatment processes used in the tropics is the waste stabilization pond (WSP). The relative simplicity and low operating cost of the WSP make it the preferred technology for handling, treatment and disposal of municipal waste for small communities. However, its use in urban areas is limited because of its large area requirement. Hence, the research is aimed at investigating if the introduction of hydraulic jump in the Waste Stabilization Pond can increase treatment efficiency and consequently reduce the land area requirement. Thus, WSPs with varying number of hydraulic jumps were constructed using metallic tanks. The hydraulic jumps were created to introduce turbulence thereby adding dissolved oxygen in the pond. Wastewater samples collected from different points (including inlets and outlets) in the ponds were examined for physio-chemical and biological characteristics for a period of ten weeks. The parameters examined were dissolved oxygen, coliform, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand and tracer studies. The efficiencies of the WSPs with respect to these parameters fluctuated with variations in the atmospheric conditions and varying discharge with the highest efficiency obtained from the pond with two hydraulic jumps. The research revealed that the cost of wastewater treatment using hydraulic jump enabled WSP was approximately one and a half times lower than the conventional WSP for the same efficiencies.
Highlights
Waste Stabilization Ponds (WSPs) are popular wastewater treatment system used for the removal of organics and pathogenic organisms
Experimental Methodology and Set up Located at the north-eastern end of the University campus about 800m from the junior staff quarters, the treatment plant at Nsukka consists of a screen (6mm bar racks set at 12 mm centres) followed by two Imhoff tanks, each measuring about 6.667 m x 4.667 m x 10m, and two facultative waste stabilization ponds
From the experimental results obtained from the Water and Environmental Engineering laboratory of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, it is hereby proved that the introduction of hydraulic jump in the waste stabilization pond has significant effect on wastewater treatment
Summary
Waste Stabilization Ponds (WSPs) are popular wastewater treatment system used for the removal of organics and pathogenic organisms. This study on the effect of hydraulic jump on the performance of waste stabilization pond is undertaken to determine whether the introduction of hydraulic jump would increase the efficiency of the treatment process and the reduction in land area requirement of waste stabilization ponds. To this end the specific objectives are as follows: 1. To determine the effect of hydraulic jump on the efficiency of waste stabilization pond for sewage treatment. To study the hydraulic properties of the ponds using tracer studies
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