The effect of human saliva substitutes in an erosion–abrasion cycling model

Abstract

Saliva may affect dental erosion-abrasion by reducing demineralization, enhancing remineralization, and acting as lubricant. This study tested the effect of human saliva substitutes in an erosion-abrasion cycling model designed for enamel and root dentin. Specimens were randomly assigned into the following groups (n = 8): artificial saliva (AS), artificial saliva + mucin (AS+M), deionized water (DIW, negative control), and pooled human saliva (HS, clinical reference). Each group was submitted to a cycle of 5 min in 1% citric acid (pH 3.75), 30 min in the testing solutions, and toothbrushing (enamel, 500 strokes; dentin, 150 strokes, approximately 200 g load) in fluoridated dentifrice (1,100 p.p.m. NaF) slurry. Specimens were rinsed and dried after each procedure. This cycle was repeated three times each day, for 3 d. Substrate loss was measured daily using optical profilometry. Analysis of variance (anova) and Tukey tests (alpha=0.05) showed a significant increase in enamel and dentin wear throughout the experiment for all groups. At the end of the experiment, enamel wear for each group was ranked as: (AS)<(AS+M) and (HS)<(DIW), with AS+M not differing from HS. For dentin, groups AS and AS+M did not differ from each other or from DIW, but showed significantly higher wear than HS. The artificial saliva with mucin showed promise as a potential substitute for human saliva in the enamel erosion-abrasion cycling model. For dentin, none of the artificial salivas performed similarly to human saliva.