The effect of human recombinant interleukin-2 on the porcine immune response to a pseudorabies virus subunit vaccine

Abstract

The effect of human recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) as an immune enhancing agent was evaluated in pigs vaccinated with a pseudorabies virus subunit vaccine (SV). Two groups of three pigs received two 25 μg doses of SV given 3 weeks apart. One group received 10 5 kg −1 day −1 of rIL-2 subcutaneously over two 5-day periods beginning on the day of the first and second vaccine inoculation. Six other pigs were immunized with two 5 μg doses of SV. Three of these pigs were treated as above with rIL-2. The effect of treatment was evaluated by comparing: the humoral response; the cell-mediated immune (CMI) response as measured by lymphocyte blastogenesis before and after virus challenge; and the weight response and virus excretion pattern after challenge with virulent pseudorabies virus (PRV). The humoral antibody response as detected by the serum virus neutralization (SN) assay and the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was consistently higher in rIL-2 treated pigs than in non-treated pigs. These differences were significant ( P < 0.05) among high vaccine dose pigs prior to virus challenge when measured by the SN assay and during the anamnestic response period between days 3 and 10 after challenge when measured by both the SN assay and the ELISA. No differences were detected between treatment groups in the weight response, virus excretion pattern or the CMI response. These results suggest that human rIL-2 may have enhanced the immune response of pigs to the subunit vaccine.