Abstract

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignant head and neck tumor. Drug resistance and distant metastasis are the predominant cause of treatment failure in NPC patients. Hispidulin is a flavonoid extracted from the bioassay-guided separation of the EtOH extract of Salvia plebeia with strong anti-proliferative activity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells (CNE-2Z). In this study, the effects of hispidulin on proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis were investigated in CNE-2Z cells. The [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay and the colony formation assay revealed that hispidulin could inhibit CNE-2Z cell proliferation. Hispidulin (25, 50, 100 μM) also induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in CNE-2Z cells. The expression of Akt was reduced, and the expression of the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 was increased. In addition, scratch wound and transwell assays proved that hispidulin (6.25, 12.5, 25 μM) could inhibited the migration and invasion in CNE-2Z cells. The expressions of HIF-1α, MMP-9, and MMP-2 were decreased, while the MMPs inhibitor TIMP1 was enhanced by hispidulin. Moreover, hispidulin exhibited potent suppression tumor growth and low toxicity in CNE-2Z cancer-bearing mice at a dosage of 20 mg/kg/day. Thus, hispidulin appears to be a potentially effective agent for NPC treatment.

Highlights

  • Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common head and neck malignant tumor

  • S. plebeiaFirstly, we measured the cytotoxic effect of EtOH extract of S. plebeia on CNE-2Z cells

  • Cells.for what components are related to the anti-cancer effects of crude extract of plebeia, The crude extract significantly decreased CNE-2Z cell viability (Figure 1a)

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Summary

Introduction

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common head and neck malignant tumor. It has a very unique distribution pattern and is much more prevalent in southeast Asia [1,2]. The conventional treatment for patients with NPC is chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The treatments have revealed good efficacy, high recurrence and metastasis become the major cause of treatment failure and have a poor prognosis [3]. It is necessary to look for more effective therapeutic drugs for treating NPC. Traditional Chinese herbal medicine has become an important source of antitumor drugs and tumor adjuvant therapy with unique biological activities and few side effects

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