Abstract
The effect of ultrasonication on the cell rupture of marine microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. was studied as a function of the slurry solids concentration and treatment time. The concentrated viscous wet-biomass (~12 to 25% solids concentration) was subjected to ultrasonication (20 kHz) at 3.8 W/mL for up to 5 min. Compared to extraction without cell rupture, sonication led to a significant increase in lipid yield from ~11% to about 70% within 5 min of sonication. The extraction yield was found to decrease with increased solids concentration, with a large decrease between 20% to 25% solids. This is attributed to the increase in viscosity and decrease in speed of sound with increase in solids. The ultrasound attenuation coefficient increased 320-fold as the solids increased from 20 to 25%. Such a large attenuation of ultrasound places a limit of 20% solids to be used for cell rupture by ultrasound. The specific energy requirements per unit mass of extracted lipid were lowest at 20% solids. At lower concentrations energy was wasted heating water, at higher concentrations the lipid yields were reduced due to ultrasound attenuation.
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