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Abstract
ABSTRACTBackgroundDairy products contain many nutritious components that may benefit metabolic health. There are indications that glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, which are generally disturbed in overweight and obese individuals, may improve by increased dairy intake. This may also affect one's metabolic flexibility.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of high compared with low dairy intake on glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic flexibility in overweight adults (aged 45–65 y).MethodsIn this randomized intervention study, subjects consumed a high- and a low-dairy diet [HDD (5–6 dairy portions) and LDD (≤1 dairy portion), respectively] for 6 wk in a crossover design, with a washout period of 4 wk. Dairy portions were 200 g semi–skimmed yoghurt, 30 g reduced-fat (30+) cheese, and 250 mL semiskimmed milk and buttermilk. After 6 wk, a 75-g oral-glucose-tolerance test (13C-labeled) and a subsequent fasting challenge were performed. Metabolic flexibility was studied by determining the respiratory quotient (RQ) using indirect calorimetry. Fasting and postprandial plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin were analyzed. The dual isotope technique enabled calculation of glucose kinetics.ResultsThe study was completed by 45 overweight men and postmenopausal women [age 58.9 ± 4.3 y, BMI 27.9 ± 1.9 kg/m2 (mean ± SD)]. Fasting RQ and ΔRQ, reflecting metabolic flexibility, did not differ after both diets. Fasting glucose concentrations were similar, whereas fasting insulin concentrations were lower after the LDD (LDD: 8.1 ± 2.8 mU/L; HDD: 8.9 ± 3.3 mU/L; P = 0.024). This resulted in a higher HOMA-IR after the HDD (P = 0.027). Postprandial glucose and insulin responses as well as glucose kinetics were similar after both diets.ConclusionsThe amount of dairy intake during a 6-wk period had a neutral effect on metabolic flexibility or postprandial glucose metabolism in middle-aged overweight subjects. More trials are needed to study the effects of specific dairy types and to differentiate between metabolic subgroups. This trial was registered at trialregister.nl as NTR4899.
Highlights
High dairy intake is associated with improved metabolic health, depending on the amount and type of dairy products consumed
Dairy intake is often associated with improvements in cardiometabolic health
In this randomized crossover study we investigated the effects of a 6-wk high-dairy diet (HDD) and lowdairy diet (LDD) on parameters of metabolic flexibility and postprandial glucose kinetics after a 75-g 13C-enriched oral-glucose-tolerance test (OGTT) in middle-aged overweight men and women
Summary
High dairy intake is associated with improved metabolic health, depending on the amount and type of dairy products consumed. Recent observational studies and meta-analyses have shown that intake of dairy products, such as low-fat dairy, cheese, and yoghurt, may positively affect insulin sensitivity (IS) and reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2DM) [4,5,6,7]. There are indications that glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, which are generally disturbed in overweight and obese individuals, may improve by increased dairy intake. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of high compared with low dairy intake on glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic flexibility in overweight adults (aged 45– 65 y).
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