Abstract
Acute arterial hemorrhage produces dramatic alterations in the cardiovascular dynamics of the body. One of the homeokinetic responses of the body to such a physiological insult is the attempted restoration of intravascular volume. The fluid of the gastrointestinal tract is considered to be a reservoir of available water.<sup>1</sup> Extracellular fluid (ECF) consists of four main subdivisions: (1) plasma; (2) interstitial-lymph fluid; (3) dense connective tissue, cartilage, and bone; and (4) transcellular fluid. Transcellular fluid is designated as consisting of a variety of extracellular fluid collections which are not simple transudates but have the common property of being formed by the active transport of cell membranes.<sup>2</sup>Gastrointestinal water is the largest subdivision of transcellular water. It comprises 1.4% and 3% of total body water in the human and dog, respectively.<sup>3,4</sup>This represents a significant volume of water that might be readily accessible to body needs, if it could
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