Abstract
Sn-doped TiO2 nanomaterials with different amounts of Sn (1, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 at%) were prepared by a sol–gel method and characterized by XRD, TG, DTA, EDS, XPS, DRS, SEM, BET, and PL. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared samples was investigated by measuring the degradation of rhodamine B in aqueous solution under UV light. The experimental results indicate that doping with Sn promotes phase transformation from anatase to rutile. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 is influenced by both the heat treatment temperature and the Sn doping concentration. 1% Sn–TiO2 exhibits the highest degradation rate at 350 °C and 5% Sn–TiO2 exhibits the best photocatalytic activity at 500 °C and 650 °C. The enhancement of the photocatalytic activity can be ascribed to a larger surface area and a better hydration ability, as well as less recombination of the photogenerated pairs.
Highlights
Following industrial development, water pollutants have become a serious environmental problem in the last few decades
The peak intensity of pure TiO2 increases and the peak width narrows as annealing temperature is increased to 500 C, which suggests that the crystallinity of TiO2 increases with increasing temperature
There is no peak for the rutile structure, which suggests that 500 C is insufficient for starting the phase transformation from anatase to rutile. 1% Sn–TiO2 shows a similar pattern to pure TiO2
Summary
Water pollutants have become a serious environmental problem in the last few decades. As shown by the results, it is clear that the mass percentage of rutile increases with increasing Sn content, suggesting that the transition from anatase to rutile is promoted and the phase transformation temperature is reduced by Sn doping.
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