Abstract
Objective: The population of senior citizens has increased and needs more care for the quality of life. Health education is a non-pharmacological therapy to improve physical fitness, blood chemistry and brain function. This research was performed to evaluate the effect of health education on the physical fitness, blood chemistry and brain function of senior citizens in rural and urban Bali.
 Methods: A total of 60 people aged 67.9±1.2 y were recruited from Tabanan, Indonesia, and 72 people aged 67.3±0.6 y were recruited from Denpasar, Indonesia. The health education program lasted 8 mo, used Japanese-style healthcare modified for the Balinese culture, and measured physical fitness, blood chemistry, and brain function before and after the educational period.
 Results: The average number of steps in Tabanan was 4247.2±98.9, and those in Denpasar were 4336.1±102.4. The weight and waist circumference were not significantly different between the Tabanan and Denpasar samples. The physical fitness of senior citizens in Tabanan and Denpasar improved significantly. Blood chemistry in the Tabanan sample was not significantly different after the program. In Denpasar, High-Density Lipoprotein and Low-Density Lipoprotein significantly improved. Brain function was significantly improved after the program.
 Conclusion: Health education using Japanese-style healthcare programs based on Balinese culture as non-pharmacological therapy has beneficial effects on physical fitness, blood chemistry and brain function in senior citizens in both urban and rural areas in Bali, Indonesia. It is suggested that senior citizens should continue our health education program to maintain their health.
Highlights
The population of senior citizens has increased due to changes in economic and welfare development
Some studies have shown that the aging process can be delayed and physical fitness can be increased by performing routine physical activity
This research was performed to evaluate the effect of health education on the physical fitness, blood chemistry and brain function of rural and urban senior citizens in Bali
Summary
The population of senior citizens has increased due to changes in economic and welfare development. Some effects of lifestyle changes related to the aging process on senior citizens and the risk of emerging non-communicable diseases should be considered. Everyone should monitor their condition regularly to maintain physical fitness and maintain blood chemistry and brain function in a normal state. Some studies have shown that the aging process can be delayed and physical fitness can be increased by performing routine physical activity. Physical activity is important in the context of non-communicable disease prevention [4] Both parameters are related to body metabolism and the ability of the brain to maintain its function to perform its tasks for daily life
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