Abstract
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is one indicator for measuring a country's economic growth. However, the increase in GDP and population growth are affecting CO2 emissions. This study analyses the effects of GDP and population density on CO2 emissions in Indonesia. To this end, it used the Cobb-Douglas model, and parameter estimation using Ant Colony Optimisation algorithm. The analysis of the results reveals that GDP and population density influence CO2 emissions in Indonesia significantly, and significantly follows the Cobb-Douglas model with increasing return to scale characteristics. Thus, an increase in GDP and population density will lead to increased CO2 emissions in Indonesia.Keywords: Economic Growth, Gross Domestic Product, Population Growth, CO2 Emission, Ant Colony Optimisation Algorithm, Cobb-Douglas modelJEL Classifications: C61, O47, O150, Q530DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.8011
Highlights
Gross domestic product (GDP) is the total production value in the form of goods and services produced by production units within the boundaries of a country for 1 year
We have analysed the effect of GDP and population density on CO2 emissions in Indonesia
We conclude that GDP and population density significantly affect CO2 emissions in Indonesia
Summary
Gross domestic product (GDP) is the total production value in the form of goods and services produced by production units within the boundaries of a country (domestic) for 1 year. Based on data published by the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics 2017 entitled “Statistik Indonesia 2017” (Statistical Yearbook of Indonesia 2017), the population in Indonesia was 258,704,900 in 2016. This figure is 8.5% higher or 20,186,200 more people compared to 2015 which amounted to 238,518,800 inhabitants. This is cause for worry in an environmental sense, as a country’s economic growth is directly proportional to the decline in environmental function and quality, including the increased emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2)
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