Abstract
Background and objectives: Methotrexate (MTX) had been used for many years and complications usually encountered during treatment especially in cancer patients. The aim of the present study was to determine the preventive and early-stage anti cytotoxic effects of green tea on the histology of the submandibular gland of rats treated by high single dose of methotrexate. Materials and methods: The study included 36 Albino rats. Twelve animals were used in the pilot study to find the maximum toxic dose, and the other twenty four were divided into four groups, vehicle treated control group, green tea extract treated control group (40 mg/kg/day), methotrexate treated group (80 mg/kg), and methotrexate and green tea extract treated group. Submandibular glands excisions were then performed. Histopathological examination was performed with hematoxylin-eosin, Masson’s trichrome, and PAS stains. Cell proliferation was examined using the Ki-67 antibody and anti apoptotic effect was determined based on Bcl-2 staining. Results: In the methotrexate and green tea extract treated group a non significant difference in the Ki-67 expression (p>0.01) and a significant increase in Bcl-2 expression (p<0.01) were seen in comparison with the methotrexate treated group. Conclusion: Green tea aqueous extract at a concentration of 40 mg/kg/day produced a protection against methotrexate induced cytotoxicity in rat submandibular gland by increasing the expression of Bcl-2.
Highlights
IntroductionThe cytotoxic effect of cancer chemotherapy is not selective for cancer cells, it affects the normal tissues, the amount of the damage and its severity is based on the type, amount and duration of drug used to treat the disease [1]
Chemotherapy is one of the most widely used interventions for treatment of cancer
Five grams of dried green tea leaves were grinded to pieces of diameter lower than one mm were poured with 60 ml of boiling distilled water [13], and time was given for the extraction to cool down and the mixture was filtered first with a fine muslin cloth under pressure and the clear filtrate was dried in a water bath at 40°C until a paste was obtained, dissolved in distal water and used at a concentration of 40 mg/kg/day [14]
Summary
The cytotoxic effect of cancer chemotherapy is not selective for cancer cells, it affects the normal tissues, the amount of the damage and its severity is based on the type, amount and duration of drug used to treat the disease [1]. Methotrexate (MTX), a folic acid antagonist, is widely preferred as a cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of malignancies and some autoimmune diseases, but the efficacy is limited due to its side effects [2]. The antioxidants protect against oxidative stress and prevent damage to cells [4]. The aim of the present study was to determine the preventive and early-stage anti cytotoxic effects of green tea on the histology of the submandibular gland of rats treated by high single dose of methotrexate
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