The effect of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists on serum uric acid concentration: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are a class of medications mainly used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. They improve glucose tolerance, increase insulin secretion and induce weight loss. There is controversy about the effect of GLP-1 RAs on serum uric acid (SUA) concentration. Our systematic review aims to objectively answer whether GLP-1 RAs affect SUA levels. We performed a systematic search on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus and Google Scholar datasets up to 27August 2021 with a language restriction of English only. Randomized controlled trials, observational studies, uncontrolled trials and conference abstracts were included. Studies with insufficient data, irrelevant types of study and follow-up duration of less than a month were excluded from the review. After critical appraisal by the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists, articles underwent data extraction using a prespecified Microsoft Excel sheet. Of 1004 identified studies, 17 were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review. Pre- to post-administration analysis of GLP-1 RA effects on SUA demonstrated that GLP-1 RAs could significantly reduce SUA concentration (difference in means -0.341, SE 0.063, P value <0.001). However, when compared to placebo, GLP-1RAs did not perform any better in lowering SUA concentration (difference in means -0.455, SE 0.259, P value 0.079). Surprisingly, the active controls, which included insulin, metformin, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibitors, did outperform GLP-1 RAs in reducing SUA concentration (difference in means 0.250, SE 0.038, P value <0.001). Administration of GLP-1 RAs can result in a significant reduction in SUA concentration. However, this reduction is less than that seen with the use of insulin, metformin and SGLT-2 inhibitors.