Abstract
The objective was to study the effect of prepared ginkgo biloba extracts against Candida albicans isolated from healthy persons. Conducting susceptibility test, biofilm formation test, phytochemical screening test, and antioxidant activity test. One hundred oral swabs sample were obtained from healthy persons with oral lesion attending dentistry teaching hospital in dentistry college, their age ranged from 1-30 years of both sexex. The studied samples collected through 8 months (April - December / 2018). This study included two different types of ginkgo bilola extracts were prepared as aqueous and ethanolic extracts. Many tests were used, which included isolation and identification of C.albicans, conduct susceptibility test, biofilm formation test, phytochemical screening test, and antioxidant activity test for both aqueous and ethanol ginkgo biloba extracts. From 100 healthy person involved in this study, there were 21(21%) C. albicans isolates revealed from clinical specimens. Aqueous and ethanol ginkgo biloba extracts were used to study their effects against C.albicans. Zone of inhibition was higher in ethanol than aqueous extracts. Three 3 (15%) isolates showed positive biofilm formation in tube method, phytochemical reaction in ethanol extract showed 5 phytochemical compounds, while aqueous extract showed 4 phytochemical compounds, in addition to antioxidant activity in ethanol extract was higher than aqueous. In conclusion C. albicans is the only species from genus Candida isolated from oral lesion in this study, ethanol ginkgo biloba extract have a good antifungal activity, higher number of phytochemical compounds and a higher antioxidant activity than aqueous extract.
Highlights
A traditional Chinese medicine based on herbs has gained an increased acceptance from pharmaceutical companies as a rich resource for drug discovery [1]
The aim of this research was to study the effect of prepared Ginkgo biloba extracts against Candida albicans isolated from healthy persons, to assess 4 tests for isolated C. albicans; susceptibility test, biofilm formation test, phytochemical screening test, and antioxidant activity test
Twenty one healthy person (21%) showed positive results for presence of C. albicans in their oral swab samples, 12 (12%) were females while 9(9%) were males (Table1)
Summary
A traditional Chinese medicine based on herbs has gained an increased acceptance from pharmaceutical companies as a rich resource for drug discovery [1]. Ginkgo biloba is the oldest living tree, and one of the most popular medicinal plants with a long history of use as a herbal medicine, its leaves extracts have been widely sold as a phytomedicine in Europe [1]. The effects of Ginkgo biloba extracts are due to its content of active phytochemicals compounds that possess pharmacological effects such as antiasthmatic, memory impairment and concentration difficulties improvement, wound healing, anticoagulant properties, and nerve cells protection [2]. The presence of phytochemicals in medicinal plants has been found a significant in the production of nonstandardized phytopharmaceutical products, the most important of these phytochemicals are alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and phenolic compounds [3]. Ginkgo biloba leaves extracts have 24% flavonoids, 6% terpenoids and less than 5 ppm of natural antioxidants ginkgolic acids, this constitutes the most important active substances in the extract [4]. Researchers are interested in antibacterial and antifungal effects that are obtained from medicinal plants sources with phytochemical activity, with advantage of no or less side effects that are often associated with synthetic antimicrobials [3]
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