The effect of geopolitical risk and green technology on load capacity factors in BRICS

Abstract

This study explores the interaction between geopolitics, natural resources, and load capacity factors (LCF) within BRICS countries. Using fixed effects, random effects, quantile regression, and Driscoll Kraay Standard Error approaches, we found that for every 1% increase in green technology adoption, LCF decreased by 0.14%–0.54%. This effect suggests that green technologies may reduce LCF. Geopolitical risk positively influences LCF, with a 1% increase resulting in a 0.14%–0.48% rise across quantiles, thus enhancing reliability and sustainability. Furthermore, economic growth, renewable energy, and natural resources rents enhance the ratio of biocapacity to ecological footprint.