Abstract
Cultivation of spring wheat varieties has expanded into areas with abundant winters where winter wheat is not suitable. Due to lack of research in Romania regarding the influence of different factors on hard red spring wheat, the present study aimed at a better understanding of the influence of genotype, climatic conditions and nitrogen fertilization on the spring wheat yield and quality, and to analyse the correlations between grain yield and grain protein content. Experiences were conducted from 2015 to 2018 on two levels of N fertilization (50 and 100 kg ha-1) at Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda. Biological material consisted of 19 genotypes, four of local origin and fifteen of foreign origin, from three different varieties (ferrugineum, lutescens, erythrospermum). The results indicate that the three experimental years were more important in the interactions with the genotypes than was the N fertilization, for both yield and protein content. The most productive cultivars with good stability were ‘Feeling’ and ‘SG 5-01’, and the most valuable varieties regarding the protein content were ‘Pădureni’, ‘Corso’ and ‘GK Tavasz’. A high dose of N assured a high yield and good quality for all cultivars. Although negative correlations were found between production and protein content in HRSW, there were found cultivars that show positive regressions of protein content, such as ‘Pădureni’, ‘Feeling’ and ‘Lona’.
Highlights
Wheat is one of the most important food crops in the world (Gyarmati, 2017); about 21% of the world’s food depends on wheat crops, which grow on 220 million hectares worldwide, representing about 30% of the global harvested cereal area (FAO, 2018)
In 2017 no dry periods were recorded during the entire hard red spring wheat (HRSW) vegetation period, the obtained yields were lower compared to the previous year, due to the minimum temperatures of 5-6 °C which coincided with differentiation phenophases of floral primordia
Experimental procedures Between 2015-2018, a three factor experiment including two levels of N (50 and 100 kg N ha-1) and 19 cultivars of hard red spring wheat (HRSW) was conducted in the conditions of the Agricultural Research and Development Station (ARDS) Turda (46°35’ N; 23°47’E; 345 m above Adriatic Sea), which is located in the Transylvanian Plain, Romania
Summary
Wheat is one of the most important food crops in the world (Gyarmati, 2017); about 21% of the world’s food depends on wheat crops, which grow on 220 million hectares worldwide, representing about 30% of the global harvested cereal area (FAO, 2018). Out of this surface 70% is represented by winter wheat, and the rest of it by spring wheat. Very early spring wheat varieties have been created in Canada with a vegetation period of less than 100 days, suitable for northern culture areas at latitude above 60° (Clarke et al, 1997; DePauw et al, 2000; Fox et al, 2013)
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