The Effect of Gas Smelling among Fuel Stations Employees in Qassim Region

Raseel Yosef Al Fawzan,Amal Hussain Mohamed Ali

doi:10.4236/jbm.2021.92006

Abstract

Benzene is a carcinogenic compound used in industrial manufacturing. Benzene exposure is associated with a multiplicity of clinical conditions ranging from hematologic diseases to chronic lung disorders. Respiratory system is affected more than the other system because the benzene is highly volatile and inhaled deeply into respiratory airway reaching the alveoli where gas exchange takes place. This study aims to show the effect of benzene on respiratory system of fuel station employees and its role in causing respiratory problems. The design of the study is an experimental study to evaluate the effect of benzene inhalation on the lung tissue by detecting cytological change among Fuel stations employees in Qassim region. The sputum sample was obtained from male stations employees in Qassim region and stained with Papanicolaou stain. The fuel station employees were suffering from dyspnea, nasal irritation and sore throat. In total 15 sputum samples collected are subdivided into three groups: group number one is those not exposed to benzene; the second group is exposed for 2 - 4 years. However, group number three is exposed for more than 4 years. Long-term exposure to benzene leads to cytological change and reduces immunity that is indicated by the present of neutrophil cells (pus) and other inflammatory features.

Highlights

Benzene is a carcinogenic compound used in industrial manufacturing and a common environmental pollutant mostly derived from vehicle emissions and cigarette smoke
This study aims to show the effect of benzene on respiratory system of fuel station employees and its role in causing respiratory problems
Long-term exposure to benzene leads to cytological change and reduces immunity that is indicated by the present of neutrophil cells and other inflammatory features

Summary

Introduction

Benzene is a carcinogenic compound used in industrial manufacturing and a common environmental pollutant mostly derived from vehicle emissions and cigarette smoke. This study is to show the complicated benzene inhalation on respiratory cells among fuel station employees. Employees in fuel stations suffer continuous and constant exposure to evaporations and car exhaust and dust from the passing vehicles’ exhausts on the streets All these reasons make the employees at a high chance to develop complications of respiratory airways and lung tissue [7]. Benzene is inhaled deeply into the lungs through the nasopharyngeal, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles reaching to the alveoli where gas exchange takes place It leads to carcinogenic effects of the epithelial cells lining the respiratory system including terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles and alveoli [9]. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of Benzene products on the respiratory cell among fuel stations’ employees in Qassim City by using cytological methods

Methodology

Procedure of Progressive Papanicolaou Staining Method

Result

Discussion

Findings

Conclusion