The Effect of Gamma Irradiation, Salinity and Nano-Fertilizer on the Biological Parameters of Brassica napus L. Cultivated in Iraq

Abstract

Canola (Brassica napus L) is currently one of the most significant oily seeds. It has a variety of nutrients, and its oil is safe for people to ingest as well as medicinal properties that help to relieve the symptoms of a variety of disorders. Soil salinity is one of the major issues of decreasing canola crop productivity that correlated with declines in the photosynthetic potential, since salt levels that are damaging to crop growth affect large terrestrial regions around the world are seriously impaired by soil salinity this research focused on the capability of canola seeds to grow under saline environment before and after gamma irradiation. Also, the most recent study intended to employ nano-fertilizer in Iraq and characterize its influence on the chemical makeup of canola seeds. Simple technique employed as a tissue culture using ground water with different EC. Seeds treated by two gamma irradiation dose and grown over cotton irrigated with salty water. Field experiment was carried out in Al-zafraniya station in Baghdad, Iraq, to investigate the effect of khazra iron nano chelate fertilizer foliar application on one rapeseed variety for increasing yield and yield components. The native local variety pactol was more reliable than olifera var at germination rate, plant high, number of leave and root. Irradiation negatively affects the biological parameter of Canola seeds with capablity to germinate and developed. Percentage of fatty acids significantly differed between fertilizer treatments. The myristic (C14:0) ranged from 0.1±0.012 to 0.14±0.011, Palmitic (16:0) from 3.6±0.024 to 3.91±0.029, 3.91±0.029 from 1.5±0.11 to 1.7±0.012, Arachidic (20:0) from 0.6±0.038 to 0.84±0.065, Behenic (22:0) range from 0.3±0.0028 to 0.41±0.032, Lignoceric (24:0) from 0.2±0.012 to 0.27±0.018, Palmitoleic (16:1) from 0.2±0.010 to 0.26±0.0021, Oleic (18:1) from 61.6±5.78 to 67.8±5.91, 67.8±5.91 from 1.4±0.13 to 1.64±0.15, Erucic (22:1) from 0.2±0.014 to 0.23±0.019, Linoleic (18:2n-6) from 21.7±3.1 to 23.4±3.7, Alpha Linolenic (18:3n3) from 9.6±0.87 to 10.1±2.8, Total Saturated from 6.3±5.4 to 6.8±4.9, Total MUFA was in the rangier from 62.4±7.1 to 64.5±7.1 and Total PUFA range from 31.3±4.1 to 37.4±5.1 for conventional canola and nano canola oils respectively.