The effect of Gamma irradiation on herbal medicine (Annona muricata, morinda citrifolia, and Typhonium flagelliforme) against MCF-7 breast cancer

Abstract

Cancer is one of the causes of death in the world and continues to increase every year. Annona muricata, Morinda citrifolia, and Typhonium flagelliforme are the herbal medicines commonly used for the treatment of cancer. Currently, many herbal medicine industries use gamma irradiation techniques to preserve raw materials and their products. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of gamma irradiation at a dose of 7.5 kGy of three simplicia against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The dried A. muricata, M. citrifolia, and T. flagelliforme were gamma irradiated at a dose of 7.5 kGy in 2 replications, extracted using 96% ethanol, evaporated, dried in vacuumized desiccator, obtained the ethanoli extracts. The unirradiated sample as a control were prepared and extracted in the same manner. Each ethanolic extract was weighed and tested the cytotoxicity test against MCF-7 with varying concentration of 5, 10, 20 ,40, and 80 µg/mL and incubated in a 5% CO2 incubator (37°C, 72 h). Living cell were counted under a microscope at 4000 times magnification, and the IC50 value was analyzed by SPSS 24 at 95% confidence level to compared the irradiated- and un-irradiated samples. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of A. muricata were 9.61 µg/mL (control) and 12.35 µg/mL (irradiated at 7.5 kGy), M. citrifolia were 15. 54 µg/mL (control) and 19.20 µg/mL (irradiated at 7.5 kGy), and T. flagelliforme were 25.87 µg/mL (control) and 27.55 µg/mL (irradiated at 7.5 kGy). All samples showed the strong potential activity against MCF-7 breast cancer with IC50 < 30 µg/mL. Among them, A. muricata was the strongest activity. The results also showed that the gamma irradiation at a dose of 7.5 kGy coul d decrease their cytotoxic activity, however the decreases did not eliminate their activities, since all IC50 values were sill < 30 µg/mL.