The Effect of Four Weeks Dietary Intervention with 8-Hour Time-Restricted Eating on Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Young Adults.

Su-Jeong Park,Jae-Won Yang,Yoon-Ju Song

doi:10.3390/nu13072164

Abstract

Recently, intermittent fasting, also known as time-restricted eating (TRE), has become a popular diet trend. Compared to animal studies, there have been few studies and inconclusive findings investigating the effects of TRE in humans. In this study, we examined the effects of 8 h TRE on body weight and cardiometabolic risk factors in young adults who were mainly active at night. A total of 33 young adults completed the 8 h TRE for 4 weeks. Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis at baseline and every 2 weeks, and blood samples were collected at baseline and week 4. Daily dietary records were logged throughout the intervention period. Participants experienced significant changes in body weight (−1.0 ± 1.4 kg), body mass index (−0.4 ± 0.5 kg/m2), and body fat (−0.4 ± 1.9%) after 4 weeks of TRE. When participants were divided into weight loss/gain groups based on their weight change in week 4, fat mass reduction was significantly higher in the weight loss group than in the weight gain group. Regarding cardiometabolic risk factors, levels of fasting insulin and insulin resistance improved in the weight loss group after intervention, but not in the weight gain group. All subjects showed late-shifted sleeping patterns, but no significant differences in sleep duration, sleep quality, or psychological measures between the two groups. When meal frequency and energy proportion were evaluated, the average meal frequency was 2.8 ± 0.5 and energy proportions of breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks were 4.5, 39.2, 37.6, and 18.5%, respectively; there were no significant differences between the two groups. However, the saturated fat intake at dinner was lower in the weight loss group (3.1 ± 3.2%, 6.0 ± 2.5% respectively). In conclusion, 8 h TRE can be applied as a lifestyle strategy to manage body weight and cardiometabolic risk factors among young adults with late chronotypes.

Highlights

In recent years, intermittent fasting, referred to as time-restricted eating (TRE), has become a popular diet trend as a simple weight loss method
We examined the effects of 8-h TRE on body weight and cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy young adults and explored factors including meal patterns, sleeprelated factors and psychological factors that could affect weight
2 Daily eating occasions were counted from 0 to 7 occasions including breakfast, lunch, dinner, and a light snack before breakfast, a morning snack, an afternoon snack, or a late snack. In this four-week dietary intervention of 8 h TRE, we found significant differences in pre- and post-intervention body weight

Summary

Introduction

Intermittent fasting, referred to as time-restricted eating (TRE), has become a popular diet trend as a simple weight loss method. TRE is a dietary strategy that cycles between eating and fasting periods. Hatori et al [3] found that mice subjected to 8 h time-restricted feeding and control mice exhibited similar weight changes, despite the time-restricted feeding group being fed isocaloric high-fat diets. Chaix et al reported that TRE attenuated metabolic disease and body weight gain in mice subjected to various nutritional challenges such as high-fat diets and high-fat plus high-fructose diets [4]. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses in circadian clock mutant mice further demonstrated the positive effects of TRE [5]

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Conclusion