The Effect of Fixed Orthodontic Appliance Therapy on Periodontal Health Status And Salivary Cytokine Levels

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Fixed orthodontic appliance therapy (FOAT) is universally recognized and most common method for treating malocclusion. Periodontal complications are frequent consequences of orthodontic therapy that need to be evaluated. The study aimed to evaluate clinical periodontal parameters and salivary cytokines levels among patients undergoing FOAT. METHODS: 30 systemically healthy subjects (males and females), age ranged from 17-28 years with health periodontium and malalignment teeth attended Khanzad teaching center for FOAT. Clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index, gingival index, sulcus bleeding index, probing depth, debris index simplified, calculus index simplified & oral hygiene index simplified) and unstimulated saliva were assessed at baseline (0 day) before Fixed orthodontic appliance application and after one and three months of therapy. IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 levels were assessed in saliva by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The results showed significant increase in the mean values of clinical periodontal parameters and salivary cytokines levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8 after one and three months of FOAT as compared to base line (P < 0.05), as well as significant decrease in the mean value of IL-10 level after one and three months as compared to baseline (P < 0.05). No significant correlations were detected between periodontal and immunological parameters. CONCLUSION: Fixed orthodontic appliance therapy had a negative influence on periodontal health, since it promotes dental plaque accumulation & gingival inflammation. As well as FOAT led to significant increase of pro inflammatory and significant decrease of anti-inflammatory cytokines