Abstract
In this study, we investigated the influence of fetal bovine serum (FBS) on calcium phosphate formation, aggregation and phase transformation by adding different concentration of inorganic phosphate ions (Pi) into Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM). Using particle sizes analyzer, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), it was revealed that in the media without FBS, high Pi induced crystalline calcium phosphate formation and aggregation. Whereas in the media containing FBS, some serum proteins such as albumin and fetuin-A were not only incorporated into the calcium phosphate nanoparticles, but also decreased supersaturation of the solutions, reduced zeta potential of the particles and induced short-range order bending lattice formation. The results showed that FBS prevented high Pi-induced calcium phosphate formation and aggregation and retarded phase transformation from amorphous to crystalline calcium phosphate in biological media.
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