Abstract
The article presents the study results of a long-term field stationary trial. There has been identified a role of the complex application of organic and mineral fertilizers, plant protection products and the biological product ‘Gumistim’ in the winter rye cultivation, its influence on the productivity and technological qualities of grain. Increasing doses of mineral fertilizers combined with chemical plant protection products and biomaterial ‘Gumistim’ significantly increased productive tilling capacity and the number of kernels per head. Kernel weight per head in the trial also depended on the level of mineral nutrition and the applied plant protection products. Mineral fertilizers had a positive effect on winter rye productivity, while the influence degree was determined by the level of fertilizers’ application. The use of ‘Gumistim’ in combination with protective techniques activated growth and development of the plants, which ultimately contributed to a significant increase in grain productivity. The highest increase from biomaterial ‘Gumistim’ was obtained in the aftereffects of application of 40 t/ha manure + N 70 P 30 K 60 + pesticides + 0.48 t/ha ‘Gumistim’ and N 140 Р 60 К 120 ‘Gumistim’. On average, during the years of research, the most effective fertilizing systems for winter rye were organic-mineral (the aftereffects of application of 40 t/ha manure + N 70 P 30 K 60 ) and mineral N 140 Р 60 К 120 ) combined with chemical plant protection products and biomaterial ‘Gumistim’. The above mentioned fertilizing systems improved winter rye yields to 2.54–2.66 t/ha. Under the influence of organic, mineral and organic-mineral fertilizing systems, together with chemical plant protective means and ‘Gumistim’, the technological quality of winter rye kernels has improved. The indexes of nature weight, 1000-kernel weight and vitreousness of grain have also improved. Winter rye grain with the best baking qualities was obtained in the variants with organic-mineral and mineral fertilizing systems in combination with plant protection products and biomaterial ‘Gumistim’.
Highlights
There has been identified a role of the complex application of organic and mineral fertilizers, plant protection products and the biological product ‘Gumistim’ in the winter rye cultivation, its influence on the productivity and technological qualities of grain
Increasing doses of mineral fertilizers combined with chemical plant protection products and biomaterial ‘Gumistim’ significantly increased productive tilling capacity and the number of kernels per head
Mineral fertilizers had a positive effect on winter rye productivity, while the influence degree was determined by the level of fertilizers’ application
Summary
Выявлены роль комплексного применения органических и минеральных удобрений, средств защиты растений и биопрепарата «Гумистим» при возделывании озимой ржи, его влияние на урожайность и технологические качества зерна. В среднем за годы исследований наиболее эффективными системами удобрения озимой ржи являлись органоминеральная (последействие навоза 40 т/га + N70Р30К60) и минеральная (N140P60K120) в комплексе с химическими средствами защиты растений и биопрепаратом «Гумистим». Минеральной и органоминеральной систем удобрения совместно со средствами химической защиты растений и «Гумистимом» улучшались технологические качества зерна озимой ржи.
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