The effect of extraction solvent polarity on cytotoxic properties of Sargassum crassifolium against B16-F10 melanoma cancer cell model

Abstract

.The prevalence of skin cancer continues to increase from year to year. Skin cancer mainly caused bymelanin accumulation on the skin surface (hyperpigmentation) or excessive melanogenesisoccurs. The brown macroalgae S. crassifolium is one of marine natural resources which is abundant in Lombok, Indonesia coastal areas. However, information regarding its potential bioactive activities remains limited. This study aims to evaluate the effective extraction solvent for S. crassifolium for gaining optimum bioactive compounds with promising cytotoxμic activity against melanoma cell line. The three variations of the solvent used are ethanol, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate. Some major compounds that were detected by GC-MS analysis in S. crassifolium were state as follow: n-Hexadecanoic acid (Palmitic acid), Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (Methyl palmitate), Oleic Acid, Dodecanoic acid, methyl ester, 9-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, Tetradecanoic acid, methyl ester. SEA showed the higher amount of methyl palmitate compared toS. crassifolium extracted with other solvent. Accordingly, to the major chemical constituent, SEA showed highest IC50 against melanoma cell line (61.26 ± 2.13 μg/mL) compared to SET and SNX. SEA also induced apoptosis which characterized by increase in apoptotic nuclei.