Abstract
Preeclampsia, as one of the most common pregnancy-specific diseases, causes high maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality in almost every country. Placental vascular abnormalities in preeclamptic women can cause chronic hypoxia and impaired fetal nutrition, so fetal growth retardation often occurs. EVOO has strong antioxidant effect is assumed to prevent nutritional disorders in the fetus. This study aimed to determine the effect of EVOO on fetal birth weight in a preeclampsia rat model. This research was laboratory research conducted in vivo with a Post Test Only Control Group design which consisted of five groups; negative control group, positive control group (pre-eclampsia rat model), dose 1, 2, and 3 groups that were preeclampsia rats given EVOO in 3 different doses (0.5 mL/day, 1 mL/day and 2 mL/day respectively). Blood pressure and proteinuria measurements were carried out at the 12, 15 and 19 day of pregnancy. After sacrificed, fetal weight was measured immediately using analytical balance. The result of this study showed that there was a significant reduction of fetal weight between negative control and positive control group (p=0.020), meanwhile no significant differences among positive control, dose 1 and dose 2 group (p=0.90 and p=0.142) but statistically significant to dose 3 group (p=0.005). EVOO administration increases fetal weight in doses group by its AA and DHA in Long-Chain Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids (LCPUFA) within. The optimal dose of EVOO to increase fetal weight is 2 mL/day.
Highlights
Preeclampsia is one of the most common pregnancyspecific diseases, characterized by hypertension and proteinuria in pregnancies over 20 weeks, and is a cause of high maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality in almost every country [1]
The success of making preeclampsia rat model could be seen from the increasing systolic blood pressure and the increasing diastolic blood pressure after being given L-NAME (N (ω) -nitroL-arginine methyl ester)
In the positive control group there was an increase in systolic blood pressure from day 12 to day 15 and day 19 of pregnancy; in dose 1 (D1) group, there was an increase in systolic blood pressure on the day of systole from day 12 to day 15 of pregnancy decreased slightly in day 19 of pregnancy; in dose 2 (D2) group, there was an increase in systolic blood pressure on the day of systole from day 12 to day 15 of pregnancy, in day 19 of pregnancy decreased as same as day 12 of pregnancy; in group 3, there was an increase in systolic blood pressure from day 12 to day 15 of pregnancy, in day 19 of pregnancy decreased more than day 12 of pregnancy
Summary
Preeclampsia is one of the most common pregnancyspecific diseases, characterized by hypertension and proteinuria in pregnancies over 20 weeks, and is a cause of high maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality in almost every country [1]. The incidence of preeclampsia varies between 2% to 10% of pregnancies worldwide. The World Health Organization estimates the incidence of preeclampsia to be seven times higher in developing countries (2.8% of live births) than in developed countries 0.4% [2]. There have been many in-depth studies related to the causes and pathogenesis of preeclampsia, but the exact cause is still unknown. Placental abnormalities and endothelial dysfunction have been proven by many researchers as the underlying cause of preeclampsia. The causes of endothelial dysfunction are unclear, and many hypotheses are proposed to explain this [4]
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