Abstract
The aims of this research were to evaluate the effect of explant types and several kinetin concentrations on in vitro induction and growth of callus vetiver ( Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash). Crown and tiller of vetiver were cultured on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) media supplemented with combination of 2,4-D 0.75 ppm and several kinetin concentrations (0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.75, and 1) ppm. The induction and growth of callus were influenced by type of explant and concentration of kinetin. Formation and growth of callus on tiller explant were faster than crown explant. Callus on tiller explant were formed one week after culture, while callus from crown explant were formed at four weeks after culture. Callus growth on tiller explant also was better than crown explant. Eight weeks after culture, callus fresh weight from tiller explant was 0.35 ± 0.09 g, while callus fresh weight from crown explant was only 0.16 ± 0.08 g. The addition of kinetin in the medium combined with 2,4-D was able to increase callus growth and the optimum concentration of kinetin used was 0.5 ppm. The addition of kinetin more than 0.5 ppm in the medium decreased the callus fresh weight. Keywords: callus, crown, in vitro culture, tiller, Vetiveria zizanioides .
Highlights
Vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash) is a perennial grass from the family Graminae (Poaceae)
The objectives of the current study were to determine the effect of explant type and kinetin concentration on formation and growth of callus in vetiver
Increased fresh weight in medium supplemented with kinetin was quite large, there was no significant difference in statistical analysis on biomass of callus on medium only containing 2,4-D alone
Summary
Vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash) is a perennial grass from the family Graminae (Poaceae). It has been utilized as various fields such as industries, economies, and environments [1]. The need for essential oils increases along with the development of the medicines, perfumes, cosmetics, and aromatherapy industries. The needs of essential oils in the world, especially vetiver oil is 300 tons per year. Indonesia is only able to supply about 28% with the price of essential oil production of approximately 25-30 tons per year [2]. One of the attempts which can be used to increase the essential oil is cell culture. Cell culture is a technique which can be used to increase the production of bioactive compounds in plants. Bioactive compounds can be produced continuously, controlled and manipulated environment to obtain optimum results [3]
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