Abstract
Background Senescence refers to spontaneous and progressive irreversible degenerative changes in which both the physical and psychological power diminish significantly. Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease in the elderly. Several studies have been conducted regarding the effect of exercise on reducing the blood pressure of the elderly, which have found contradictory results. One of the uses of meta-analysis study is responding to these assumptions and resolving the discrepancies. Accordingly, the aim of the present study is to determine the impact of exercise on the blood pressure of older adults. Method In this research, in order to find electronic published papers from 1992 to 2019, the papers published in both domestic and foreign databases including SID, MagIran, IranMedex, IranDox, Gogole Scholar, Cohrane, Embase, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science (ISI) were used. Heterogeneity index between the studies was determined based on Cochran test Q(c) and I2. Considering existence of heterogeneity, random effects model was employed to estimate the standardized subtraction of the mean exercise test score for reduction of blood pressure in the older adults across the intervention group before and after the test. Results In this meta-analysis and systematic review, eventually 69 papers met the inclusion criteria. The total number of participants was 2272 in the pre- and postintervention groups when examining the systolic changes and 2252 subjects in the pre- and postintervention groups when inspecting the diastolic changes. The standardized mean difference in examining the systolic changes before the intervention was 137.1 ± 8.09 and 132.98 ± 0.96 after the intervention; when exploring the diastolic changes, the pre- and postintervention values were 80.3 ± 0.85 and 76.0 ± 6.56, respectively, where these differences were statistically significant (P < 0.01). Conclusion The results of this study indicated that exercise leads to significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Accordingly, regular exercise can be part of the treatment plan for hypertensive elderly.
Highlights
Senescence refers to spontaneous and progressive irreversible degenerative changes in which both the physical and psychological power diminish significantly
The search was performed on Persian databases including SID, MagIran, IranMedex, and IranDoc along with the international databases of Google Scholar, Cochrane, Embase, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science (ISI) with the aim of finding relevant papers without any time constraint. e list of the references utilized in all papers and the relevant reports found in the previously mentioned electronic search was assessed manually so that other possible references could be found. e keywords used for searching the references were chosen from e Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) thesaurus. e keywords searched were exercise, resistance training, circuit-based exercise, plyometric exercise, exercise therapy, exercise training, physical activity, and hypertension
In the studies that had reported standard deviation ± mean, standardized mean difference index was used in the meta-analysis. e results obtained from metaanalysis showed that across the studies, heterogeneity in investigating systolic changes pre- and postintervention was obtained as I2 98.8 and 98.6, while it was 99.2 and 98.6, respectively, for diastolic changes. us, for combination of studies and the final results, random method was used
Summary
Senescence refers to spontaneous and progressive irreversible degenerative changes in which both the physical and psychological power diminish significantly. Several studies have been conducted regarding the effect of exercise on reducing the blood pressure of the elderly, which have found contradictory results. The aim of the present study is to determine the impact of exercise on the blood pressure of older adults. E results of this study indicated that exercise leads to significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Regular exercise at a moderate level for three days per week 30 min/day results in increased longevity, reduced mortality, and reduced development of cardiovascular disease, heart attack, hypertension, arthritis, osteoporosis, depression, and different types of cancer [6]. Regular aerobic exercise leads to reduction of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 11 and 8 mmHg. A regular physical activity program should start gradually and sustain for 30–45 min in most days of the week. A regular physical activity program should start gradually and sustain for 30–45 min in most days of the week. is level of activity can control hypertension without pharmacotherapy [7]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
