Abstract
Bone and skeletal muscle are the main components of the musculoskeletal system that functions as one unit to give the body shape, support, and movement. The maintenance of adequate bone health depends on a multitude of factors on the top of genetics, including nutritional factors, especially calcium, Vitamin D, and proteins, in addition to regular physical activity, particularly weight-bearing exercises and parathyroid hormone. These factors are most effective in building peak bone mass and strength during childhood and adolescence and these effects are maintained into adult life and beyond. This review will discuss how exercise and the main nutritional components perform their function in maintaining bone health, bone mineral density, and strength.
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