The effect of ethanol, beer, and wine on histamine release from the dog stomach

Abstract

The mediator for the action of ethanol on the parietal cell of the stomach is not known. However, because the action the ethanol on gastric acid secretion was proposed to involve the release of histamine, we decided to investigate the effects of ethanol and some alcoholic beverages (red wine and beer) on histamine release from the dog stomach. After performing a splenectomy in anaesthetized beagle dogs, the gastrosplenic vein draining the corpus of the stomach was cannulated for blood withdrawal to evaluate the local release of gastrin and histamine by RIA. Intragastric administration of 200 ml of beer (4.8% ethanol) or red wine (12.5% ethanol) caused a significant enhancement in gastric and histamine concentrations in venous blood from the stomach. By contrast, intragastric administration of pure ethanol in distilled water at the same concentrations of wine or beer did not significantly modify gastrin and histamine release. Integrated histamine responses for 20 min to beer and wine paralleled gastrin concentrations and were of the same magnitude of those induced by intravenous infusion of pentagastrin at 1 and 6 μg/kg/h, respectively. We conclude that: 1) beer and red wine, but not pure ethanol, are potent releasers of histamine; 2) histamine release seems to be related to the gastrin response and probably occurs at the level of enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells; 3) the ethanol content of these drinks is not important for their stimulant effect, indicating that some other components of beer and wine are responsible for gastrin and histamine release from the dog stomach.