The Effect of Er:YAG Laser and Diode Laser in Combination with MI Varnish on the Depth of Remineralization of Incipient Carious Lesions - An In vitro Study

Abstract

Background Dental caries is a multifactorial disease that results from an imbalance between pathological and protective factors. The imbalance produced favors demineralization of enamel. If detected early non-cavitated lesions can be reverted with the help of remineralizing agents. The role of calcium-phosphate remineralization systems and the ErYAG and diode lasers in the treatment of these lesions has recently been taken into account.Aim The aim of the study was to evaluate the remineralization potential of Erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet laser ErYAG laser diode laser combined with MI varnish on the depth of remineralization of incipient carious lesions.Methods Forty eight human premolars were collected conditioned with demineralizing agents to create artificial carious lesions. Then the samples were coated with nail paint leaving a uncoated window of 4 mmtimes 4 mm facially. The samples were then randomly divided into four groups n12 Group I ndashControl Group II ndashMI Varnish Group III ndash MI Varnish ErYAG laser and Group IV ndashMI Varnish Diode laser. For a period of seven days specimens were conditioned with remineralizing agents followed by laser irradiation. Confocal laser scanning microscopy CLSM was used to assess the depth of demineralization and remineralization. Statistical Package SPSS 22.0 SPSS Inc. Chicago IL was used to analyze the data. KruskalndashWallis test was used to analyze the difference between the groups and post hoc MannndashWhitney test was used to compare the differences between the groups. The level of significance was set at p lt0.05.Results Samples in Group III showed greater remineralization depth 1488.235 compared to other groups with statistically significant p lt0.001.Conclusion Within the limitations of this in vitro study MI varnish alone is less effective compared to laser groups MI varnish ErYAG and MI varnish Diode laser which showed increased remineralization depths.