Abstract
Claviceps purpurea causes ergot, a serious disease of rye and grasses. Resistance genes to the pathogen have not been found in the genome of rye so far. Therefore we evaluated 90 rye genotypes in two seasons at three locations and analyzed the ergot incidence. In one location (Smolice) the same genotypes were also used to assess the influence of water spraying during rye flowering on ergot occurrence. Moreover, 29 cytoplasmic male-sterile genotypes of rye were used in Poznan, where within a 5 km distance there were no rye plants. In the first two experiments the source of the pathogen consisted of its sclerotia introduced into the soil, whereas in the third experiment a suspension of conidiospores was used to spray the plants from the moment of first flowering. Percentage of sclerotia in grain by weight in the first two experiments and sclerotia weight per ear in the third experiment were used as a measure of rye susceptibility to C. purpurea. Both rye genotype and location (weather conditions) showed significant variation for both traits. Low temperature and rainfall during rye flowering increased the occurrence of ergot. Water spraying of rye during flowering also boosted the occurrence of ergot. In another experiment, with sclerotia of C. purpurea used as inocula, ergot occurrence varied from 0 to 4.73 % in 2011/12 and from 0 to 5.22 % of sclerotia in grain yield in 2012/13. Cytoplasmic male-sterile rye inoculation with conidia of C. purpurea resulted in sclerotia presence which ranged from 0.10 to 0.26 g per ear.
Highlights
Rye (Secale cereale L.) has been one of the most important cereal crops and occupies a significant area among cereals
Effect of genotype and field location on ergot occurrence Results of analysis of variance indicated that in the 2011/12 season ergot occurrence depended significantly on rye genotype and field location (Table 2) and an interaction occurred between these two factors (A×B)
In this study run in Wiatrowo, Choryń and Smolice, the source of infection consisted of ergot sclerotia introduced into the soil in the middle of October
Summary
Rye (Secale cereale L.) has been one of the most important cereal crops and occupies a significant area among cereals. Recent data show that rye is grown on about 5.4 million ha, with a world production of 13 million tons (Schlegel 2010). In the cross-pollinated rye, selfing results in strong inbreeding depression and hybrids display heterosis. Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) provides a useful tool for hybrid seed production. The indispensable components of a cms hybrid system are the male-sterile seed parent in the cms cytoplasm (A line), its isogenic maintainer counterpart in the normal cytoplasm (B line), and the restorer pollen parent (R line) which carries the restorer gene(s) (Bicar & Darvey 1997). Hybrid seeds are produced by crossing the A line with the R line while the continuous supply of male-sterile seeds is assured by crossing the A line with its maintainer B line
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