Abstract
The Natuna Sea is located at the northwestern part of Indonesia. Previous studies had showed that ENSO has a stronger impact on SST than chlorophyll-a. According to several studies, Indonesian oceans are heavily impacted by IOD. This study uses SST data with high-resolution satellite imagery (MODIS and Pathfinder) and rainfall and wind data from the Reanalysis Model (ERA-5) which is processed using a composite method and correlation grid. This research results, when La-Niña negative IOD SST will decrease 1°C and rainfall rises 7 mm/day while when El-Niño IOD positive SST will increase by 1°C while in rainfall will decrease by 3 mm/day. The variation of SST and rainfall is more influenced by ENSO than IOD.
Highlights
Indonesian oceans are located between two large oceans, namely the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean
One aspect of climate variability related to sea surface temperature is the El-Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), where ENSO is an anomaly of sea surface temperature at the equator of the Pacific Ocean
Research conducted by [7] found that SST tends to be cold in the east monsoon in the South Java Sea, this is because the southeast monsoon winds have faster wind speeds than in the west monsoon so that the waters in the east monsoon will be cooler in the South Java Sea
Summary
Indonesian oceans are located between two large oceans, namely the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. Natuna Sea, which is located in the northwestern part of the Indonesian oceans is thought to be affected by the two oceans. One aspect of climate variability related to sea surface temperature is the El-Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), where ENSO is an anomaly of sea surface temperature at the equator of the Pacific Ocean. ENSO has three phenomena including normal ENSO, El-Niño, and LaNiña. SST anomaly does occur in the Pacific Ocean and occurs in the Indian Ocean. IOD or Indian Ocean Dipole is an SST anomaly that occurs in the Indian Ocean which affects Indonesian oceans as well as being affected by IOD [1]
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