Abstract
The changes of the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex have been studied in many muscular abnormality conditions; however, the effects of diabetes and physical activities on it have still remained to be defined. Therefore, the purpose of the this study was to evaluate the impacts of a six-week endurance training on the levels of SUN1 and Nesprin-1 proteins in Soleus and EDL muscles from diabetic wistar rats. A total number of 48 male Wistar rats (10 weeks, 200-250 gr) were randomly divided into healthy control (HC, N = 12), healthy trained (HT, N = 12), diabetic control (DC, N = 12), and diabetic trained (DT, N = 12) groups. Diabetes was also induced by a single intraperitoneally injection of streptozocin (45 mg/kg). The training groups ran a treadmill for five consecutive days within six weeks. The levels of the SUN1 and the Nesprin-1 proteins were further determined via ELISA method. The induction of diabetes had significantly decreased the levels of Nesprin-1 protein in the soleus and EDL muscles but it had no effects on the SUN1 in these muscles. As well, the findings revealed that six weeks of endurance training had significantly increased the levels of Nesprin-1 in DT and HT groups in the soleus as well as the EDL muscles; however, it had no impacts on the SUN1 in these muscles. The muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) and myonuclei also decreased in diabetic control rats in both studied muscles. The training further augmented these parameters in both studied muscles in HT and DT groups. The present study provides new evidence that diabetes changes Nesprin-1 protein levels in skeletal muscle and endurance exercise training can modify it.
Highlights
The nuclear envelope is a lipid bilayer membrane that separates the nuclear content from cytoplasm[1]
It has been further revealed that mutation in proteins of the nuclear membrane can lead to premature Progeria (HGPS), Emery Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy (EDMD), Dunnigan-type familial partial lipodystrophy and cardiomyopathy
To investigate the impacts of diabetes and exercise training on nuclear membrane proteins involved in nucleo-cytoskeleton, we evaluate the levels of Nesprin-1 and SUN1
Summary
The nuclear envelope is a lipid bilayer membrane that separates the nuclear content from cytoplasm[1]. This membrane is composed of inner and outer parts, the physical connection within nuclear envelopes is mediated through linkers of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton, which are called LINC complexes 2,3 These LINC complexes are compounds of the SUN protein (sad[1], and UNC-84) internally, and the KASH protein (klarsicht, ANC-1, and Syne/Nesprin-1, 2) externally[4]. The SUN proteins (one of the two central component of the LINC complex) attaches the nucleus to the cytosol through cytoskeleton components (F-actin and intermediate filaments) These proteins are the main mediators for the mechanotransduction and physical pathways within cells and transmit mechanical stimuli to the nucleus. It has been further revealed that mutation in proteins of the nuclear membrane can lead to premature Progeria (HGPS), Emery Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy (EDMD), Dunnigan-type familial partial lipodystrophy and cardiomyopathy These diseases affect almost all systems in mammalian body, especially skeletal and cardiac muscle, lipid tissue, and peripheral nerves[11]. We hypothesized that the diabetes and physical activity affect the proteins of LINC complex and we analyzed the hypothesis
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