Abstract

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) refers to the application of current pulses, through surface or implanted electrodes to trigger generation of a neural action potential train to produce artificial muscle contraction in the associated muscle. In surface NMES pre-gelled electrodes are placed on the skin surface over the motor point of the muscle of interest, and is a completely non-invasive technique. Graduated compression stockings (GCS) and bandaging facilitate venous return initiated by a physiological calf-muscle contraction. We hypothesised that an NMES-elicited artificial calf muscle contraction would augment venous return from the lower limbs and that the use of NMES in conjunction with a GCS would result in increased augmentation. The aims of this study were:

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