The Effect of Electric Cross-Talk in Retinal Neurostimulation.

Abstract

To investigate the efficacy of electric field shaping in modulating the extent and activation threshold in retinal neurostimulation. This study aims to quantify the interference of neighboring stimulation sites by assessing the shift in the activation threshold produced by a concomitant interfering stimulus. Electrical stimuli were applied to healthy retinae in a feline model (n = 4) using a 24-channel electrode array surgically implanted in the suprachoroidal space. A 96-channel penetrating electrode array was used for recording cortical responses to a number of stimulation paradigms. Data were analyzed offline. Concurrent monopolar and hexapolar stimuli were delivered at primary and interfering sites separated by up to 2.19 mm to evaluate electric cross-talk. The spike rate was fit to a sigmoidal curve to estimate the P50 threshold. The slope of the linear regression of the P50 value versus interfering current level was considered as a measure of cross-talk. Concurrent monopolar stimulation produced a proportional drop in the P50 of approximately 20% of the interfering current level in presence of a primary monopolar and hexapolar stimulus. On the other hand, hexapolar interference did not alter activation thresholds at the primary site. Hexapolar stimulation reduces electric cross-talk between neighboring sites and represents a technique to reduce interference between individual stimulation sites. In contrast, concurrent monopolar stimulation produces a reduction of the activation threshold of stimuli delivered nearby. Thus, a single source of subthreshold monopolar charge injection can provide benefit in the form of significant threshold reduction simultaneously at multiple stimulation sites.