Abstract

Scattering and attenuation properties of rain using various drop models are calculated using Mie theory, the T-matrix method and numerical technique respectively. Ellipsoidal and oblate drops use the axis ratio of raindrops reported in literature. Scattering are presented both for small volumes containing a single drop and for large volumes with multiple drops in which the statistics of drop size distribution need to be taken into account. The angular dependence of scattering, absorption and scattering cross sections and polarization ratios are investigated. For single scattering the angular dependence and cross sections of nonspherical drops differed from those of a spherical drop. Differences between ellipsoid and oblate drops were minimal. Drop shape affected the polarization mostly at 40-140 degree detection angles. The averaged linear attenuation and rain induced cross channel signal were studied. Attenuation was close to the ITU-R.838 model and in the same order of magnitude as the attenuation due to atmospheric moisture. The cross channel signal was calculated as a function of rain rate and transmitter/receiver angle. Vertical polarization was observed to produce a higher cross channel signal than horizontal polarization. It was concluded that drop shape is not an important factor at 300 GHz due to small drops dominating the scattering signal. Overall, the results showed that in single scattering, the ellipsoid is a good approximation for raindrops and that for large volumes, a spherical drop approximation and a Mie solution may be sufficient at frequencies of 300 GHz and higher.

Highlights

  • The terahertz (THz) band (0.1-1.0 THz) is a new unallocated radio band offering previously unattainable possibilities for future communication, sensing, and joint sensing-communications [1]–[8]

  • With the T-matrix method, the ellipsoid approximation of a raindrop were used with axis ratios defined by (1) and calculated the absorption and scattering cross sections and angular dependence of the scattered wave were calculated in a horizontal plane

  • The T-matrix method and the finite integral technique were used in this paper to study the scattering properties of ellipsoidal and oblate drop approximations

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Summary

INTRODUCTION

The terahertz (THz) band (0.1-1.0 THz) is a new unallocated radio band offering previously unattainable possibilities for future communication, sensing, and joint sensing-communications [1]–[8]. The main questions are: (i) How does a single raindrop falling at terminal velocity affect the EM-wave scattering at 300 GHz (small sensing volume), and (ii) what is the significance of drop shape when there are multiple raindrops in the same sensing volume (large sensing volume).

THEORY AND METHODS
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
RAIN AVERAGED SPECIFIC ATTENUATION
CONCLUSION
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