The effect of doping type on the performance of secondary batteries based on PANI/Zn

Abstract

Polyaniline (PANI) was successfully synthesized by the rapid mixing polymerization method at room temperature. Effect of doping with 1 M HCl, 1 M H2SO4, and 3 M H3PO4 in PANI synthesis process on chemical characteristics was investigated with FT-IR and UV-Vis spectrophotometers, while battery performance was tested physically with a set of multimeters. This study also investigated the chemical characteristics of different PANI doping at different levels of oxidation using Emeraldine Salt (ES), Emeraldine Base (EB), and Pernigraniline Base (PEG). The FT-IR result of PANI-ES characteristic of each doped showed typical PANI absorption at wavenumbers of 3437, 3166, 1611, and 1307 cm−1, indicating the absorption of -N-H, -C-H, -C=C, and -C-N. At PANI-EB level oxidation, PANI absorption appears at wavenumbers of 1497, 1299, 1140, and 812 cm−1, which indicated the absorption of -C-N, -C-N, -C=N, and -C-H, while the quinonoid (Q) and benzenoid ring (B) of PANI-EB appeared at 1590 and 1497 cm−1. At PANI-PEG level oxidation, PANI absorption appears at 1304, 1150, and 830 cm−1, indicating the absorption of -C-N, -C=N, and -C-H, while the Q and B ring of PANI-PEG appeared at 1589 and 1501 cm−1. Characteristic of PANI with UV-Vis showed the maximum absorbance of PANI at 365-408 nm and 575-626 nm, which indicated the transition of π→π* in Q and B rings. Performance testing of PANI/Zn battery for each doping was tested 6 times for 60 minutes. The highest PANI cell potential value obtained by PANI-PEG/Zn with H2SO4 doping was 1.01 Volt, and the lowest PANI cell potential resulted from PANI-EB/Zn with the doping of H2SO4 was 0.1 Volt.