The effect of dispersal on asymptotic total population size in discrete- and continuous-time two-patch models

Abstract

Many populations occupy spatially fragmented landscapes. How dispersal affects the asymptotic total population size is a key question for conservation management and the design of ecological corridors. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of two-patch models with symmetric dispersal and two standard density-dependent population growth functions, one in discrete and one in continuous time. A complete analysis of the discrete-time model reveals four response scenarios of the asymptotic total population size to increasing dispersal rate: (1) monotonically beneficial, (2) unimodally beneficial, (3) beneficial turning detrimental, and (4) monotonically detrimental. The same response scenarios exist for the continuous-time model, and we show that the parameter conditions are analogous between the discrete- and continuous-time setting. A detailed biological interpretation offers insight into the mechanisms underlying the response scenarios that thus improve our general understanding how potential conservation efforts affect population size.