Abstract
Despite having been used for ages to preserve wood against several effects (biological attack and moisture effects) that cause its degradation, the effect of vegetable oils on the cedar wood physicochemical properties is poorly known. Thus, in this study, the hydrophobicity, electron-acceptor (γ+), and electron-donor (γ−) properties of cedar wood before and after treatment with vegetable oils have been determined using contact angle measurement. The cedar wood has kept its hydrophobic character after treatment with the different vegetable oils. It has become more hydrophobic quantitatively with values of surface energy ranged from −25.84 to −43.45 mJ/m2 and more electron donors compared to the untreated sample. Moreover, the adhesion of four fungal strains (Penicillium commune (PDLd”), Thielavia hyalocarpa, Penicillium commune (PDLd10), and Aspergillus niger) on untreated and treated cedar wood was examined theoretically and experimentally. For untreated wood, the experimental adhesion showed a positive relationship with the results obtained by the extended Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (XDLVO) approach which found that all fungal strains could adhere strongly to the cedar wood material. In contrast, this relationship was not always positive after treatment. The Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) has shown that P. commune (PDLd10) and A. niger were found unable to adhere to the wood surface after treatment with sunflower and rapeseed oils. In addition, the results showed that the four fungal strains' adhesion was decreased with olive and linseed oils treatment except that of P. commune (PDLd10) treated with linseed oil.
Highlights
Cedar wood is one of the oldest building materials in Morocco
Wet conditions create a very favorable environment for the growth of various wood-degrading biological organisms [1]. ese latter adhere to this material and form biofilms that cause a discoloration on building materials [2,3,4], reduction of wood durability due to structural and chemical changes [5], degradation of the historical monuments, and a loss of our cultural heritage. e most important step in the biofilm formation process is the microbial adhesion to the substrate surface
It involves mainly the Van der Waals, electrostatic, and acidbase interactions. ese latter depend on the physicochemical characteristics of material and the microbial surface, especially hydrophobicity, surface tension, and International Journal of Biomaterials electron-donor-electron-acceptor properties [6,7,8]. erefore, it is very important to understand the physicochemical characteristics of microbial cell and solid surfaces in order to predict the microbial adhesion
Summary
Cedar wood is one of the oldest building materials in Morocco. Its use dates back to the Idrisids dynasty for building historical monuments of the Medina of Fez (mosques, schools, houses, etc.). Ese latter adhere to this material and form biofilms that cause a discoloration on building materials [2,3,4], reduction of wood durability due to structural and chemical changes [5], degradation of the historical monuments, and a loss of our cultural heritage. E most important step in the biofilm formation process is the microbial adhesion to the substrate surface It involves mainly the Van der Waals, electrostatic, and acidbase interactions. E prediction of microbial adhesion on the surface of different materials was studied using the extended DLVO (XDLVO) theory which introduces other non-DLVO forces as polar forces of Lewis (acid-base interactions) compared to the classical DLVO theory which considers only the van der Waals and electrostatic forces [9, 10]. It was claimed that the XDLVO approach may be the promising model to explain the experimental findings of microbial adhesion obtained by the environmental scanning electronic microscopy (ESEM) technique
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