Abstract
It is not yet clear which physical exercise protocols have greater potential to mitigate the functional decline in physical fitness (coordination, flexibility, strength, agility and cardiorespiratory capacity). Thus, the objective of this study was to compare different training modalities on physical fitness in women over 50 years of age and understand which training protocol is more effective for promoting significant improvements in physical fitness. The initial sample consisted of 79 subjects, of which 17 dropped out, resulting in a total of 62 subjects who completed the study and are included in the analysis (n = 62). The average age of the study population was 60.1±5.4 years, divided into five groups: aerobic training, concurrent training, multimodal training, functional training and control group. Physical fitness was analyzed through AAHPERD (American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance) tests (0 and eighth weeks). The ANOVA analyses (aleatory effect) show a main effect of time for coordination (p<0.001), strength (p = 0.004), agility (p<0.001) and cardiorespiratory capacity (p<0.001), and statistically significant interactions for coordination (p = 0.003) and cardiorespiratory capacity (p = 0.033). When comparing the average relative differences between the group (Δ%), significant improvement was observed in coordination and agility (p<0.001) in the multimodal and functional training groups. For cardiorespiratory fitness, there was a significant improvement in the aerobic, concurrent and multimodal training groups (p<0.001) and strength increased in the functional training group (p = 0.04). Functional training was demonstrated to be more effective at promoting significant improvements in physical fitness than the other investigated exercise protocols.
Highlights
Aging associated with physical inactivity can result in decreases in strength and aerobic fitness[1,2], and can be associated with physical fitness[3], defined as the individual’s physical capacity to perform ordinary and unexpected demands of daily life safely and effectively[4], or the ability to carry out daily tasks with vigor and alertness, without undue fatigue and with ample energy to enjoy leisure-time pursuits and meet unforeseen emergencies[5]
There was a main effect of time (F = 32.179; p
Physical activity is associated with better coordination as noted in participants of long-term programs[26], the data presented in the present study demonstrates that short-term interventions can be successful for this capability
Summary
Aging associated with physical inactivity can result in decreases in strength and aerobic fitness[1,2], and can be associated with physical fitness[3], defined as the individual’s physical capacity to perform ordinary and unexpected demands of daily life safely and effectively[4], or the ability to carry out daily tasks with vigor and alertness, without undue fatigue and with ample energy to enjoy leisure-time pursuits and meet unforeseen emergencies[5]. Purath and collaborators found that physical exercise prescription based on functional fitness level (strength, endurance and balance) was effective at improving these variables[12]. Despite this statement seeming to be redundant, this study demonstrates the potential of self-directed exercises, variables that can influence functional ability in the elderly. In contrast to this statement, Cadore and collaborators demonstrated that training involving a combination of strength and endurance in elderly individuals (concurrent training) is the most suitable strategy for improving both neuromuscular
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