Abstract
Simple SummaryIn addition to protein, fatty acids and vitamins, hen eggs also contain many minerals, including macroelements, microelements and trace elements. Currently, many different organic mineral supplements are introduced into the diet of laying hens, which can affect the content of chemical elements (essential and non-essential) in the albumen and yolk. These effects are not fully understood. In the present work, the effect of the addition of humic preparations to the standard feed mixture on the content of essential and non-essential chemical elements in albumen and yolk of hen eggs was assessed. The obtained results indicate that only some elements significantly increase in the albumen and yolk when more of them are in a feed mixture enriched with humic preparations.This study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with two humic preparations, Humokarbowit (HKW) and Humobentofet (HBF), on the mineral content of the albumen and egg yolk of Lohmann Brown hens. The content of macroelements (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, S), microelements (Al, Ba, Cu, Fe, I, Mn, Si, Sr, Zn) and trace elements (Ag, As, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Ga, Hg, Li, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sn, Ti, Tl, V, W, Y and Zr) in the feed mixture (FM), albumen and yolk were presented. The material was collected from laying hens kept in a cage system in two groups, control (C) and enriched (E), with standard feed and feed enriched with humic preparations, respectively. The enriched feed mixture was characterised by a significantly higher Ag, Ba, Be, Bi, Co, Fe, Ga, Hg, K, Mg, Ni, S, Sb, Si, Zn and Zr content compared to the standard, basal mixture. Only some of these elements were found in significantly increased levels in albumen (Bi, Co, Ni, S) and yolk (Bi, Fe, K, Sb). Another noteworthy finding was a significantly lower concentration of Na in the content of eggs from the E-Group, which corresponds to the content of this important macronutrient in the feed. In addition, a significant increase in the concentration of elements such as Al, I, Li, Sr, Ti, Tl, Y, W was noted with a reduction in Cd, Cr, Hg, Mn, Rb, Sn in Group-E, which indicates a complicated egg formation processes, including biotransfer-essential and non-essential chemical elements.
Highlights
Hen eggs are an important component of the human diet
The decrease in Na in Group-E probably results from the fact that the content of salt (NaCl) was lowered in this mix, which was due to the fact that humic preparations contained it
The results showed that the use of this feed additive in the diet of laying hens (Hy-Line Brown) influenced the transfer of microelements to eggs, in particular at increased dosing
Summary
Hen eggs are an important component of the human diet. Their physico-chemical and biological properties are quite well known, and in recent years their role as a source of nutraceutical and biomedical substances has increased [1–4]. Fats (fatty acids), enzymes and vitamins, egg albumen and yolk contains minerals (macroelements, microelements, trace elements) [5–9]. While the composition and content of organic substances in eggs is quite well known, the mineral composition and the possibility of its modification is the subject of few studies. It is known that hen eggs are a good source of iron (Fe), phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S). The eggs provide calcium (Ca), chlorine (Cl), potassium (K) magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na). Smaller amounts of ions include: silver (Ag), aluminium (Al), boron (B), barium (Ba), bromine (Br), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), fluorine (F), iodine (I), lithium (Li), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), rubidium (Rb), selenium (Se), silicon (Si), strontium (Sr), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), uranium (U)
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