The effect of dietary carbohydrate to lipid ratios on growth performance in juvenile California yellowtail Seriola dorsalis

Abstract

Two eight-week feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary carbohydrate to lipid ratios on growth performance on juvenile California yellowtail Seriola dorsalis. In Trial 1, groups of twenty California yellowtail (ca. 6.8 g) were fed five iso‑nitrogenous diets that were formulated to contain decreasing levels of crude lipid from 21% to 6% by replacing menhaden fish oil with corn starch on a weight basis In Trial 2, groups of twenty fish (ca. 5.2 g) were fed five iso‑nitrogenous diets that were formulated using a similar matrix, corn starch 0–24% was used to replace lipids (11.3 to 1.3%) at approximately 2:1 ratio to maintain the diets with similar energy content and the nitrogen free extract (carbohydrates) from 10% to 30% of the diet Fish were fed 5–11% body weight per day over the course of both trials. Growth performance metrics including thermal-unit growth coefficients and protein retention efficiencies were measured and compared using a quadratic regression model. Fish that were fed diets containing high levels of dietary lipids (15% or higher) exhibited decreased growth performance in Trial 1. In Trial 2, fish that received diets containing the highest level of carbohydrates exhibited improved feed efficiency and overall performance. The results from both trials demonstrate that juvenile California yellowtail with a starting size of 5–7 g have an energy fraction preference and display increased growth when fed diets containing a carbohydrate to lipid ratio of up to 5.8.