Abstract
This paper presents a comparative analysis of the diesel engine performance and emission characteristics, when operating on diesel fuel and various diesel-biodiesel (B10, B20, B40, B60) blends, at various loads and engine speeds. The experimental tests were performed on a four-stroke, four-cylinder, direct injection, naturally aspirated, 60 kW diesel engine D-243. The in-cylinder pressure data was analysed to determine the ignition delay, the Heat Release Rate (HRR), maximum in-cylinder pressure and maximum pressure gradients. The influence of diesel-biodiesel blends on the Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (bsfc) and exhaust emissions was also investigated. The bench test results showed that when the engine running on blends B60 at full engine load and rated speed, the autoignition delay was 13.5% longer, in comparison with mineral diesel. Maximum cylinder pressure decreased about 1–2% when the amount of Rapeseed Methyl Ester (RME) expanded in the diesel fuel when operating at full load and 1400 min–1 speed. At rated mode, the minimum bsfc increased, when operating on biofuel blends compared to mineral diesel. The maximum brake thermal efficiency sustained at the levels from 0.3% to 6.5% lower in comparison with mineral diesel operating at full (100%) load. When the engine was running at maximum torque mode using diesel – RME fuel blends B10, B20, B40 and B60 the total emissions of nitrogen oxides decreased. At full and moderate load, the emission of carbon monoxide significantly raised as the amount of RME in fuel increased.
Highlights
Internal combustion engine is one of the main users of fossil fuels
In case of full engine load, the autoignition delay period increased by 0.6% (B10), 1.2% (B20), 4.6% (B40) and 13.5% (B60) in comparison with diesel fuel
In case of full engine load at rated speed, the autoignition delay period increased by 0.6% (B10), 1.2% (B20), 4.6% (B40) and 13.5% (B60) in comparison with using pure diesel fuel
Summary
Internal combustion engine is one of the main users of fossil fuels. Currently, diesel fuel is among the most popular vehicle fuel types. Biodiesel generally is derived from vegetable oils and alcohol in presence of catalyst, defined as mono-alkyl esters of a long chain fatty acids (Knothe 2005). It is considered as renewable, biodegradable, environmental friendly and less toxic fuel in comparison to mineral diesel. Fatty acid composition is the indicator, which shows the nature of biodiesel The purity of this alternative fuel is defined by the free glycerol content, which depends on the manufacturing method as well as product treatment and purification methods (Xue et al 2011)
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