Abstract
Abstract The difficulties of using an aluminium/Polythene penetrameter for accurate and reliable measurement of the kilovoltage of an X-ray machine are discussed. Its behaviour in the region 25–45 kVp has been investigated by a computer simulation technique. Starting with Kramers' Theory of spectral distribution, the intensity of radiation emerging from the penetrameter was calculated. The optical density on non-screen film was then derived using the known properties of the emulsion. It is shown that, within wide limits, neither the voltage and current wave forms nor the values of the tube nitration significantly affect the calibration of the penetrameter. This conclusion is shown to be in agreement with experimental measurements.
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