The Effect of Dexamethasone on Neuroinflammation and Cerebral Edema in Rats With Traumatic Brain Injury Combined With Seawater Drowning.

Abstract

To investigate the effect and mechanism of dexamethasone (DX) on axonal injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI) combined with seawater drowning (SWD) in rats. To gain an in-depth understanding of TBI + SWD in rats, we established the compound injury model of rats by the Marmarou method and intratracheal pumping of seawater to simulate the pathological conditions. Rats in the DX group received intraperitoneal injections of DX (1 mg/kg) immediately after injury, and rats in the sham group and TBI + SWD group received intraperitoneal injections of the same amount of normal saline. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) showed that DX improved matrix looseness, cell swelling, and nuclear condensation 168 hours after injury. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining showed that the protein expression of AQP4 was decreased in the DX group compared with the TBI + SWD group from 12 hours to 168 hours after injury. DX decreased the modified neurological severity score (mNSS) significantly at 24 hours and 168 hours after injury (P < 0.05). At 72 h and 168 h after injury, DX significantly lowered the expressions of IL-8 and TNF-α(P < 0.05). DX may play a neuroprotective role by reducing cerebral edema and inflammatory response after TBI + SWD injury in rats.